One of the most important, but divisive, features of a science fiction setting is space travel. It determines the scope of the story, where the characters can go and how easily. Realistically, space travel is very difficult and expensive, but in many stories one can commute from one end of the galaxy to another. Space travel might as well be magic the way it is presented in those stories.
Now magic systems have been debated six ways to Sunday, they’re a highly contentious issue among writers. They’ve been unofficially classified into “hard” and “soft” magic systems, with advocates for both and neither. Since the terms “hard and soft” already have their own baggage in sci-fi, we’ll use the terms “defined” and “open” instead.
Like hard and soft magic systems, defined and open space travel exists on a spectrum rather than a binary. The more defined a space travel system is, the more limitations are imposed on the system and the fewer opportunities the writer has to introduce something unexpected. While a more open a system is the fewer established limitations there are and the more potential there is to introduce new features.
In longer-running franchises space travel might become more defined or open as characters experiment with FTL or new writers introduce new ideas. As an example, Star Trek’s warp drive was initially rather open but the writers established a speed limit while also leaving the possibility open for introducing faster methods of travel. This made the story of Voyager possible, a precursor system transported the Voyager to the far side of the galaxy, where they had to rely on the speed-limited warp drive or find a new way to get home.
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